ENGR& 224 - Thermodynamics

• Natural Sciences Distribution Requirement

1. Explain how the fundamental laws of thermodynamics are applicable in engineering design.
2. Explain how thermodynamic equilibrium is related to the concepts of state, state postulate, processes, and cycles.
3. Use properties found in standard thermodynamic tables in engineering calculations (e.g., equations of state; power cycles; etc.).
4. Apply the conservation of energy to determine changes (e.g., temperature; pressure; internal energy; enthalpy; etc.) in closed systems using the appropriate specific heat.
5. Apply the conservation of mass and energy to make predictions about steady- and unsteady-flow processes of open systems using a control volume approach.
6. Calculate process efficiency of several common devices (e.g., heat engines; refrigerators; heat pumps; etc.) using the second law of thermodynamics.
7. Estimate energy availability using exergy.
8. Analyze gas (e.g., Carnot; Otto; Diesel; Brayton; etc.), vapor, and refrigeration cycles.

1. Providing context: What is engineering thermodynamics? How is it used? Why is it important?
2. Introduction to thermodynamics, systems and control volumes, properties, states, processes, and cycles.
3. Temperature and the zeroth law of thermodynamics, forms of energy and their transfer mechanisms, the first law of thermodynamics, and transfer efficiencies.
4. Pure substances, phases, properties and property tables; introduction to equations of state and the ideal gas law.
5. Closed systems: Definition, boundary work, energy balance; internal energy, enthalpy, and specific heats of solids, liquids, and gases.
6. Open systems: Control volumes, flow work/energy, energy analysis of steady-flow devices (e.g., nozzles; diffusers; turbines; etc.) and unsteady-flow processes.
7. Introduction to the second law of thermodynamics; analysis of heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps; reversible and irreversible processes, the Carnot cycle, and efficiency.
8. Entropy and the quality of energy, isentropic (reversible vs. irreversible) processes, and efficiency.
9. Introduction to exergy, work potential, exergy balance for closed and open systems.
10. Gas power cycles: Carnot; Otto; Diesel; Stirling and Ericsson; Brayton; Jet-Propulsion.
11. Vapor and combined cycles: Carnot; Rankine (e.g., regenerative; reheat; etc.).
12. Refrigeration cycles: Carnot; vapor-compression refrigeration; heat pumps; gas refrigeration; absorption refrigeration.
13. Gas, gas-vapor mixtures, air conditioning, psychrometric chart and applications.